Investigating the disproportionate impacts of air pollution on vulnerable populations in South Africa: A systematic review.
Frazenburg , Claudia Sepadi, Maasago Mercy Chitakira, Munyaradzi
Frazenburg , Claudia
Sepadi, Maasago Mercy
Chitakira, Munyaradzi
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Abstract
Background:
Knowledge of how different social groups in South Africa are affected by air quality is important for informing air quality regulations and determining the integrated social–environmental approach to adopt. This systematic review evaluates the impact of air pollution on these groups, investigates socio-economic factors that increase exposure, and assesses mitigation measures.
Methods:
The review followed the PRISMA guidelines and analyzed quantitative studies conducted in South Africa, which were published between 2014 and 2024. The studies’ sources included databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Data from 47 eligible studies were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results:
Results show that women, children, and low-income communities tend to bear the brunt of poor air quality. Children are the most affected by poor air quality, with significant respiratory issues. Pregnant women are vulnerable to adverse birth outcomes. The results indicate that of the 47 studies reviewed, 51% focused on the effects of air pollution on children, whilst fewer studies (26%) focused on women. This may point to a gap in research on the specific impacts of air pollution on women. Lowincome communities face increased exposure due to proximity to pollutant sources and substandard housing. The results further indicated that of the health impacts experienced by vulnerable populations, general health issues (96%) and respiratory health issues (89%) are the most prominent health impacts. Conclusions: The study underscores the need for stricter air quality regulations, public education, and an integrated social–environmental approach to mitigate exposure in vulnerable populations.
Description
Date
2025-01-06
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Publisher
MDPI
Research Projects
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Keywords
Air pollution, Vulnerable populations, Women, Children, South Africa, Public health, Socio-economic factors, PRISMA